General treatment of hypertension
1. Weight loss
BMI body mass index (kg/m2) should be controlled below 24. Weight loss has great health benefits, with an average weight loss of 5~10kg and a systolic blood pressure drop of 5~20mmHg. On the one hand, losing weight should reduce the intake of total calories, emphasizing the intake of low-fat and low-carbohydrate; On the other hand, it should increase physical exercises, such as running, tai chi, aerobics, etc.
2. Adopt reasonable diet
(1) reduce sodium salt
WHO recommends that the amount of salt per person per day should not exceed 6g. Salt restriction should first reduce the salt and seasonings with high salt content for cooking, and eat less various pickles and salted foods. If the number of residents in the South decreases by 1/3, it is basically close to WHO's suggestion.
(2) reduce dietary fat and supplement appropriate amount of high-quality protein
Compared with those who ate the least fish more than four times a week, the Incidence Rate of coronary heart disease decreased by 28%. It is suggested to reduce the consumption of pork with high fat and increase poultry and fish with high protein but less fat. Protein accounts for about 15% of the total calories, and animal protein accounts for 20% of the total protein. Protein quality is: milk, egg; Fish, shrimp; Chicken, duck; Pig, cow, mutton; Beans are the best among plant egg white.
(3) supplement potassium and calcium
There is a significant negative correlation between potassium and blood pressure. Chinese diet is low in potassium and calcium. More foods containing potassium and high in calcium should be added, such as green leafy vegetables, fresh milk, bean products, etc.
(4) eat more vegetables and fruits
Increasing the intake of vegetables or fruits and reducing the intake of fat can reduce SBP and DBP. Vegetarians have lower blood pressure than carnivores. Human diet should be based on vegetarian diet, and appropriate meat volume is the most ideal.
(5) limit drinking
Studies have shown that very little drinking may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, but there is a linear correlation between drinking and blood pressure level and hypertension Prevalence Rate. Heavy drinking can induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Therefore, it is not recommended to use a small amount of alcohol to prevent coronary heart disease, and drinking alcohol can increase the resistance to taking antihypertensive drugs.
It is suggested that the amount of alcohol consumed per day should be small, and the amount of alcohol consumed by men should not exceed 30g, that is, the Wine should be less than 100-150 ml (2-3 Liang), or the beer should be less than 250-500 ml (0.25kg -1kg), or liquor is less than 25-50 ml (0.5-1 Liang); Women halve the amount and pregnant women do not drink alcohol. Drinking high spirits is not recommended.
3. Increase physical activity
Everyone taking part in exercise, especially the middle-aged and elderly people and hypertension patients, had better know their physical condition before exercise to determine their type, intensity, frequency and duration of exercise. Specific items can be brisk walking, jogging, taijiquan, swimming, etc.
Exercise intensity must vary from person to person. According to the requirements of scientific exercise, the commonly used exercise intensity index can be used when the maximum heart rate reaches 180 (or 170) minus age, for example, the exercise heart rate of a 50-year-old person is 120-130 beats/minute. Exercise frequency generally requires 3-5 times a week, lasting 20-60 minutes each time.
4. Reduce mental stress and maintain a balanced mind
Sleep disorders caused by long-term mental stress and depression are one of the important causes of hypertension and other chronic diseases. This mental state often makes them less likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle, such as alcohol abuse, smoking, etc, and reduce compliance with anti-hypertension treatment.
For people with mental stress and mental imbalance, they should reduce mental stress and change their mentality, treat themselves, others and society correctly, and actively participate in social and collective activities, don't be too demanding on yourself and others, let alone haggle over every ounce.
5. Quit smoking
Smoking an ordinary cigarette can increase the systolic pressure by 1.3 ~ 3.3kPa(10~30mmHg). Smoking in large quantities for a long time can cause continuous contraction of arterioles and lead to the formation of arteriosclerosis. Other studies have shown that hypertension patients with smoking habits often have to increase the dose due to the reduced sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs and the unsatisfactory curative effect of antihypertensive therapy.
Therefore, quitting smoking is necessary. For hypertension patients who smoke, in order to reduce the uncomfortable symptoms and the chance of relapse in the process of quitting smoking, they should actively seek the help of doctors and successfully quit smoking as soon as possible under the guidance of doctors in combination with smoking cessation drugs.
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