Hypertension is a very common disease. Generally, the middle-aged and elderly people have high blood pressure. Even some young people have high blood pressure due to factors such as irregular diet and heavy work pressure.
Hypertension symptoms
Symptoms of hypertension vary from person to person. There may be no symptoms or symptoms are not obvious in the early stage, and the common ones are dizziness, headache, tight neck plate, fatigue, palpitation, etc. Blood pressure will rise only after fatigue, mental stress and emotional fluctuation, and return to normal after rest. With the prolongation of the course of disease, blood pressure increases obviously and continuously, and various symptoms will gradually appear. At this time, it is called bradycardia hypertension. The common clinical symptoms of bradycardia hypertension include headache, dizziness, inattention, memory loss, limb numbness, nocturia, palpitation, chest tightness, Fatigue, etc. The symptoms of hypertension are related to blood pressure level to some extent. Most of the symptoms can be aggravated after tension or fatigue. Blood pressure can rise rapidly after early morning activities, resulting in early morning hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events mostly occur in the morning.
When the blood pressure suddenly rises to a certain extent, severe headache, Vomit, palpitation, dizziness and other symptoms may even occur. In severe cases, unconsciousness and convulsion may occur, this belongs to acute hypertension and critical hypertension, which may cause serious damage and pathological changes of heart, brain, kidney and other organs in a short period of time, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, etc. There is no consistent relationship between symptoms and elevated blood pressure levels.
The clinical manifestations of secondary hypertension are mainly related to the symptoms and signs of primary disease, and hypertension is only one of its symptoms. The increase of blood pressure in patients with secondary hypertension can have its own characteristics. For example, hypertension caused by aortic contraction can be limited to upper limbs; The increase of blood pressure caused by pheochromocytoma is paroxysmal.
Diet conditioning for hypertension
1. First of all, it is necessary to control the intake of calories. It is recommended to eat compound sugar, such as starch and corn, and eat less glucose, fructose and sucrose, because these monosaccharides are easy to lead to the increase of blood lipid, which is unfavorable to hypertension.
2. Control the intake of fat. A large amount of fat may cause a large amount of deposition on the vascular wall, leading to aggravation of hypertension. When cooking, choose vegetable oil instead of animal oil. You can eat more marine fish.
3. Appropriate intake of some protein. Generally speaking, the intake of protein is 1 gram per kilogram of body weight per day, which is conducive to lowering blood pressure.
How to diagnose hypertension
(l) electrocardiogram, echocardiography and X-ray Chest Films
Determine the cardiac function of hypertension patients, and judge whether there is cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial injury or coronary heart disease, etc.
1. X-ray chest film
It can be seen that the aortic, especially the ascending part, the tortuous extension of the arch, the ascending part, the arch or the descending part can be expanded, the left ventricular enlargement occurs when hypertensive heart disease occurs, and the left ventricular enlargement is more obvious when left heart failure occurs, in case of heart failure, both left and right chambers can be enlarged, and there are signs of pulmonary congestion. In case of pulmonary edema, there is obvious congestion between the lungs, which is a butterfly-shaped fuzzy shadow. Routine radiography examination should be carried out so as to compare before and after examination.
2. Electrocardiogram
3. Echocardiography
At present, compared with chest X-ray examination and electrocardiogram, echocardiography is the most sensitive and reliable method to diagnose left ventricular hypertrophy, M-type ultrasonic curve can be recorded on the basis of two-dimensional ultrasonic positioning or measured directly from two-dimensional diagram.
(2) fundus examination
Measurement of central retinal artery pressure shows an increase, and the following fundus changes can be seen at different stages of disease development:
Grade I: retinal artery spasm.
Grade II A: mild sclerosis of retinal artery.
Grade II B: retinal artery is significantly hardened.
Grade III: Grade II Plus retinopathy (hemorrhage or exudation).
Grade IV: Grade III Plus optic papilla edema
(3) routine urine examination
Routine urine examination can know whether there is early kidney damage, whether hypertension is caused by kidney diseases and whether diabetes is accompanied.
(4) blood routine
Red blood cells and hemoglobin are generally not abnormal, but in acute hypertension, there may be microangiopathy hemolytic anemia with negative Coombs test, accompanied by abnormal red blood cells, and blood viscosity increases in patients with high hemoglobin, it is prone to thrombosis complications (including cerebral infarction) and left ventricular hypertrophy.
(5) blood biochemical examination
Including urea nitrogen, saroplasma electrolyte, blood lipid, blood sugar, uric acid, blood viscosity, etc., to help determine whether hypertension is caused by kidney diseases and judge the degree of influence of hypertension on kidney, whether there are some risk factors and complications, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, etc.
(6) other checks
B- ultrasound examination of kidney and adrenal gland, color Doppler ultrasound of heart and Doppler ultrasound of blood vessels (carotid artery, renal artery and cerebral artery, etc.). 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement can record the blood pressure of normal living conditions day and night, understand the circadian blood pressure rhythm, so as to reasonably guide the medication time and dosage.
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