During the epidemic , how can hypertensive patients manage and regulate themselves ?

Existing data studies have shown that the new coronavirus is generally susceptible to the population, but the severely ill and dead patients with new coronary pneumonia are mostly elderly people with cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), and the prognosis is poor. In my country, the incidence of hypertension is very high. In addition, during the epidemic, the body and mind are in a state of stress for a long time, disease treatment, management, and routines of daily life are disrupted, which easily aggravates the condition of hypertension and causes adverse consequences. Especially during the epidemic prevention and control period, personnel cannot go out casually. At this time, the self-management and adjustment of hypertension is particularly important. So, how do patients with hypertension manage and regulate themselves? 1. Good disease management (1) Follow the doctor's prescription and adhere to treatment 1. The complications of hypertension are serious and the treatment plan is complicated. Patients should continue to treat and manage hypertension in strict accordance with the doctor's treatment plan. Prepare the medicines, take the medicines in full and on time, do not change the medicines by yourself, and do not stop the medicines. 2. Minimize the number of visits to the hospital and reduce the chance of infection. Members of the Asia-Pacific Hospital can conduct online consultations through the work of doctors or health management team WeChat, mini programs, etc. to maintain standard treatment. 3. If you must go to the hospital in person, you should take care of medical treatment: make an appointment in advance to minimize your stay in the hospital; avoid going to fever clinics, emergency departments and other departments; try to keep the distance between people at least 1 meter during medical treatment. Try to touch the hospital facilities and objects as little as possible; walk and take a private car as much as possible when going out for medical treatment; wash hands frequently and wear masks correctly. (2) Self-monitoring of blood pressure and observation of changes in condition 1. Adhere to family self-check blood pressure. For newly diagnosed hypertension, it is recommended that family self-check blood pressure for 7 consecutive days, once a day in the morning and evening; after blood pressure stabilizes, it is recommended to self-check blood pressure one day a week, 1 hour after getting up in the morning Measure the blood pressure in the sitting position before applying the medicine. If the blood pressure is unstable or not up to standard, it is recommended to increase the frequency of self-test blood pressure. Generally speaking, the self-test blood pressure value is lower than the office blood pressure value. The upper limit of normal reference value for family self-tested blood pressure is 135/85mmHg. 2. Maintain the ideal blood pressure level. Generally, hypertensive patients should be reduced to <140/90 mmHg; 65-79-year-olds should first be reduced to <150/90 mmHg, if tolerated, it can be further reduced to <140/90 mmHg; elderly people ≥80 years old should be reduced to <150/90 mmHg; patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension <150/100 mmHg; general diabetes patients’ blood pressure goals <130/80 mmHg; elderly hypertension or hypertension patients with other diseases It is recommended to control blood pressure in accordance with the standards established by the doctor. 3. According to the situation, take the initiative to seek medical treatment nearby (1) Seek medical attention in time: if blood pressure control is unsatisfactory, or blood pressure fluctuates greatly compared with usual, and self-feeling aggravation, you should contact your attending doctor or health management team in time. (2) Emergency medical treatment: If one of the following serious situations occurs, you should call 120 to contact the emergency vehicle for emergency medical treatment: confusion or loss; sudden and significant increase in blood pressure (≥180/120mmHg), accompanied by severe headache, nausea and vomiting, Blurred vision, or sudden speech disorder and/or limb paralysis; persistent chest and back pain; lower limb edema, difficulty breathing, or inability to lie on the back; chest tightness, chest pain with profuse sweating or suffocation, continuous inability to relieve, etc. 2. Pay attention to lifestyle management (1) Reasonable diet Reasonably match the diet structure, and the diet recommendations for each meal refer to the balanced meal plate of Chinese residents (picture) 2. Limit the intake of sodium salt, the daily intake should not exceed 6g. Reduce cooking salt and high sodium condiments, such as MSG, chicken essence, soy sauce, etc. Eat less processed foods with high sodium content, such as pickles, ham, and preserved products. 3. Try to eat olive oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, etc. rich in unsaturated fatty acids; eat less food rich in saturated fatty acids, such as animal oil, animal organs, and foods rich in cholesterol. During the epidemic, health foods such as compound vitamins, minerals and deep-sea fish oil can be supplemented appropriately. (Two) moderate exercise 1. Pay attention to less static and more movement in daily life to reduce the time of sedentary. 2. Mainly exercises involving large muscle groups and relatively relaxing movements, such as Qigong, Tai Chi, medical gymnastics, walking, fitness running, aerobic dancing, etc., exercise 3-5 days a week, 20-30 minutes a day; Resistance exercise should be carried out under the guidance of professionals, 2-3 days a week, at low to medium intensity, to avoid sudden exertion or suffocation; functional exercises such as flexibility exercises and balance exercises should be 2-3 times a week. 3. The amount of exercise should be gradually increased. The intensity of exercise should start from mild and gradually increase, and the exercise time will gradually extend. Patients whose blood pressure is not well controlled or exceed 180/110mmHg at rest, temporarily stop moderate and above exercise. 4. During the epidemic, try to exercise at home, such as outdoor sports, and wear a mask to avoid contact with people. (3) Stop smoking and limit alcohol Quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke; patients with hypertension should refrain from drinking or restrict alcohol. It is generally recommended that men drink 30ml/d of alcohol, which is approximately equivalent to 25g of alcohol, 1 bottle of beer (about 600ml) or 1 tael of 50° liquor. Women do not exceed 15g, pregnant women do not drink alcohol. If you cannot avoid drinking, it is better to drink low alcohol such as wine. (4) Psychological balance Treat the epidemic correctly, pay attention to it but not be nervous, and give positive psychological hints in a way of self-entertainment and relaxation. 3. Take personal protection and seek medical treatment promptly if suspicious symptoms occur Minimize going out; wash hands frequently and maintain hygiene; wear masks correctly; maintain good home hygiene and health habits. Actively monitor body temperature and abnormal symptoms. If there are suspicious symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, chest tightness, dyspnea, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, muscle aches, etc., you should go to the nearest designated medical institution as required.